Influence of Social Capital on the Life Quality of Patients with Chronic Diseases—A Study Based on EQ-5D-5L Scale

Abstract

To explore the influence of social capital on the quality of life of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases.  Methods  A multi-phase stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select the survey respondents. Professionally trained surveyors made home visits in order to conduct face-to-face questionnaire surveys in person. European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L) and a self-developed social capital scale were used to investigate the quality of life and social capital of the respondents. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s α coefficient test were done to verify the reliability and validity of the self-developed social capital scale. The χ2 test and robust Tobit regression model were used to analyze the impact of social capital on the quality of life of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases.  Results  The self-developed social capital scale showed excellent performance. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.728, the KMO value was 0.716, and the result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (P<0.001), indicating that the data were well suited for factor analysis. The four common factors cumulatively explained 68.27% of the total variation. The health utility value of the survey respondents was 0.869±0.181. Those who could walk around, shower and dress themselves, and perform usual activities without any problem accounted for 75.70%, 80.10%, and 74.1% of the respondents, respectively. Those who had pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression, with no self-perceived problem were 43.40% and 58.90%, respectively. In the EQ-5D-5L scale, the self-rated health influencing factors of the physical health dimension were community safety and interpersonal network relationships. The influencing factors of social function health was community safety and mental health was affected by community safety, community trust and interpersonal network relationships. When community safety improved by one level, the health utility value of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases increased by 0.046, and when interpersonal network relationships improved by an additional level, their health utility value increased by 0.037.  Conclusion  The main problem of the quality of life of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases was found in the mental health dimension. In the process of treating chronic non-communicable diseases, attention should also be given to psychological counseling. Community safety and interpersonal network relationships are the protective factors for self-rated health status. Providing a safe community environment and expanding interpersonal networks help improve the health of patients.

Keywords: Social capital, Quality of life, European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L), Tobit model